8D04101 - ECONOMICS

Passage of accreditation (year of passage, period of passage):

–

Training period:

3 years

The awarded academic degree:

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) on educational   program   8D04101 «Economics»

Sphere of professional activity:

social sciences and business

Objects of professional activity:

research institutes, higher educational institutions, commercial and business structures; the divisions of foreign economic activity, expert and consulting companies, departments of state and non government institutions.

Subject of professional activity:

organization of solving of typical problems in various fields of professional economic activity; organization and improvement of the economic activities of the organization, the organization of the educational process of doctoral students using innovative methods and tools.

Types of professional activity:

educational, research, organizational, managerial, technological, socio-economic.

Exam questions for OP 8D04101-Economics

1. In a competitive environment, the firm makes a profit in the short term, and in the long term, explain why it has no economic benefit
2. Indicate the barriers in the monopoly market when entering and exiting the industry, make explanations.
3. Explain the concept of price discrimination and consider what advantages a firm might gain by applying it
4. Make a comparison of the market of perfect competition and the market of monopoly on the main features
5. Indicate the advantages and disadvantages of the monopoly market, reveal its negative impact on society.
6. Compare the characteristics of monopoly markets, mature competition and monopolistic competition
7. List the stages of Macroeconomic Analysis
8. Explain the essence of the concepts” market demand “and” market supply”.
9. Expand the concept and types of elasticity of demand
10. Describe the main types of macroeconomic indicators
11. List the factors that affect the elasticity of demand by price.
12. Expand the essence of the concept of income elasticity of demand. Specify product properties related to revenue flexibility..
13. Explain the components of macroeconomic elements in an open economic system.
14. State the causes of shortages and surpluses in the market. Give examples.
15. List and describe production costs and their types.
16. Describe the law of decreasing productivity
17. Uncover the essence, functions of money and its purchasing power
18. Formulate the definition of gross domestic product. Highlight the features of nominal and real GDP.
19. Name the components that make up aggregate demand. The aggregate demand curve (AD) has a negative tilt, name its causes and explain the mechanisms of its influence
20. List the price and non-price factors influencing the change in aggregate demand
21. Explain the essence of classical macroeconomic equilibrium
22. Describe the sectoral and sectoral structures of the economy
23. Define the business cycle. Explain the reasons for economic cyclicality. Describe the stages of the business cycle
24. Expand the concept of “inflation”, consider the types of inflation. State the causes and consequences of inflation.
25. Define unemployment, consider types of unemployment. Focus on the causes and socio-economic consequences of unemployment
26. Expand the essence of accumulation, its sources and forms. Specify the main reasons for household savings.
27. Uncover the essence of economic development and economic balance
28. Define the concept of investment in macroeconomics, name the types. List the factors that affect the dynamics and instability of investments, and explain the mechanisms of their impact
29. Establish the relationship between investment and savings in the market of goods. Describe the mechanism of formation of equality in commodity markets.
30. Explain the activities of the securities market.
31. Explain the costs in the short and long term
32. Expand the essence of the concept of “economic growth” and its factors. Describe models of economic growth.
33. Explain the purpose and tools of the state’s monetary policy.
34. Name the functions of the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan
35. Tell us about the types of exchange rates and the factors that affect them. Focus on the purpose of monetary policy
36. Reveal the essence and forms of credit
37. Describe the functions of finance
38. Present “novelty and originality” as the main feature of scientific research
39. Show specific requirements for science as a knowledge system
40. Reveal the general, particular methodology and methodological techniques in relation to the term “methodology”
41. Indicate the stages of the scientific research process, open them
42. Describe the main stages of hypothesis building
43. Expand the essence, types and functions of knowledge
44. Describe summary and grouping of data
45. Present the methodological requirements for conducting scientific research
46. List the objects of socio-economic forecasting
47. List the features of scientific research from the perspective of modern methodology of science
48. Expand the essence of system analysis and describe its stages
49. Reveal the essence of knowledge
50. Provide proof in the context of scientific research
51. Expand the essence of the method of forecasting socio-economic phenomena.
52. Introduce inductive and deductive methods
53. Describe the advantages of inter-plant comparative analysis
54. Describe the methods of elimination in economic analysis
55. Characterize the advantages of financial analysis
56. Uncover the essence of systems analysis
57. Imagine the stages of systems analysis
58. Expand the essence of the method of relative and average values
59. Describe the features of an index method in an economy
60. Characterize the mathematical methods of analysis
61. Present an absolute and comparative justification
62. Expand the essence of the method of mathematical statistics in research in the field of economics
63. Describe the tabular method of displaying statistical data. Give examples of statistical tables
64. Imagine a stock management system as a mathematical method of solving economic problems
65. Describe the main steps in a system analysis
66. Describe the balance method of research in economics
67. Describe the philosophical, logical, methodological and epistemological foundations of the systems approach.
68. Describe the problem of classification of sciences as a problem of the structure of all scientific knowledge
69. Imagine the main stages of inter-plant analysis
70. Set in the financial analysis models the relationship between the main indicators. Justify the answer.
71. Explore the concepts of outflow and inflow of income based on the income-expense model. Accompany your answer with examples..
72. Identify the features of the method for calculating the gross domestic product by costs, focusing on what costs of economic agents are taken into account when calculating it
73. Identify the features of the method for calculating the gross domestic product by income, focusing on what incomes of economic agents are taken into account when calculating it
74. Explain the essence, application, and calculation methodology of the GDP deflator.
75. Plot the production possibilities curve on a graph and explain the purpose of its use.
76. Describe the methods of macroeconomic analysis to explain the impact of changes in interest rates on investment levels
77. Apply microeconomics concepts to evaluate consumer behavior when prices change
78. Draw a graph of the balance between consumer and producer. Make explanations on the mechanism of formation of conditions for market equilibrium.
79. Explain the essence of the hypothesis about the rational behavior of people
80. Explain the theory of consumer behavior as the basis of demand theory.
81. Explain the income effect and the substitution effect..
82. Draw a diagram of a firm exiting an industry in a perfectly competitive market. Explain the answer.
83. Give examples of the application of elasticity theory in practice
84. Describe the markets of perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition and oligopoly, and explain their distinctive features
85. List and compare methods for measuring gross domestic product
86. Identify the macroeconomic implications of net domestic product, national income, individual income, and disposable income. Describe the methods of their calculation.
87. Consider the methodology for calculating private, public and external savings. Accompany your answer with examples.
88. Consider positive and negative aggregate supply shocks. Show the changes taking place in the AD-AS model using the example of factors that cause macroeconomic shocks.
89. Explain the essence of the business cycle
90. Explain the relationship between unemployment and inflation using the Phillips curve
91. Classify types of inflation and consider their causes and consequences
92. Create a general equilibrium model and analyze the factors influencing its achievement
93. Create a graphical model of equilibrium in the labor market and analyze the factors influencing unemployment
94. Identify the relationship between interest rate and investment. Perform it by the algebraic method and the graphical method
95. Describe Okun’s law. Identify the relationship that exists between unemployment and GDP according to this law.
96. Using the savings and investment function, draw the IS curve and consider the value of the IS curve.
97. Plot the IS curve using the Keynes cross. Identify Factors Affecting IS Curve Shift
98. Budget-the purpose and means of tax policy. Focus on the specifics of implementing a stimulating and restraining budget and tax policy in the event of cyclical fluctuations in the economy and determine their possible consequences
99. Reveal the essence of the exchange rate. Explain Purchasing Power Parity
100. Explain the essence of the Baumol-Tobin model used in money market analysis
101. Consider the prerequisites, factors of the model of economic growth of the representative of the neoclassical school R. Solow
102. Reveal the macroeconomic essence of the country’s balance of payments, explain the relationship between its structure and sections
103. Methods for calculating Lerner and Hirschmann-Herfindal indices specify and explain the meanings
104. Explain how fiscal and monetary policies affect output and the exchange rate.
105. Describe the money supply, the monetary base and the monetary multiplier, and indicate how they are calculated
106. Highlight the main types of scientific knowledge in the general structure of knowledge
107. Discover the levels of cognition: sensual and rational
108. Identify the features of the market business model. Answer with examples
109. Classify research levels
110. Classify hypothesis types
111. Classify types of evidence
112. Classify types of economic analysis
113. Classify statistical observation
114. Describe the financing and material support of scientific research as effective tools for managing the development of science
115. Classify economic and mathematical methods
116. Define the basis of knowledge
117. Reveal the features of science, define its basic concepts
118. Define the types of models where the economy aims to describe, explain and anticipate the facts while guiding the actions
119. Identify the factors for identifying best practices that make up the reliability of a scientifically sound base
120. Reveal the methodological principle: a concrete historical approach to the problem under study
121. Compare natural and modeling approaches in economic research
122. Compare structural and functional approaches to the study of economics. Accompany your answer with examples.
123. Compare integrated and systemic approaches Compare groups of methods of scientific research in economics: general and specific
124. Identify design directions for system research
125. Describe the non-positive empirical approach
126. Define truth as social and personal value
127. Describe the methods of scientific research in economics
128. Describe argumentation theory
129. Identify the features of absolute and comparative justification. Accompany your answer with examples.
130. Describe the hypothesis after clarification, correction as a law
131. Check the approaches based on philosophical methods
132. Compare the types of argumentation: empirical and theoretical
133. Group common methods of cognition, describe them
134. Characterize inductive and deductive methods
135. Compare analysis and synthesis as methods of scientific cognition
136. Describe the practical significance of the concept
137. Identify the main problems of the logic of science and make an analysis of the structure of science
138. Identify levels of methodological knowledge and describe them
139. Discuss the application of research methods at the empirical and theoretical levels. Answer with examples
140. Identify methods specific to empirical research. Answer with examples
141. Conduct a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policies applied at different exchange rates
142. Methods of bridging the balance-of-payments deficit. Express your opinion on the need for balance-of-payments
143. Explain the importance of monetary, fiscal, and monetary policy measures taken to regulate foreign trade.
144. Present your opinions on Heckscher-Ohlin’s foreign trade policy
145. Present your opinions on modern theories of foreign trade policy, indicating their advantages and disadvantages.
146. Draw the Mandell-Fleming model used in the analysis of open economics and explain its essence
147. Present your judgments about the factors of economic growth in developed countries and evaluate the key factors for the growth of the economy of Kazakhstan
148. Present your judgment of opportunity cost using a production possibilities curve and draw conclusions about the efficient state of the economy
149. Reveal the essence of the positive and negative consequences of crises. Give reasons for your answer
150. Explain the similarities and differences between market demand according to Hicks and Marshall
151. State criticisms of the Arrow-Debreu model. (Microeconomics advanced course)
152. Reveal the essence of the first and second laws of G. Gossen
153. Explain the relationship between the main functions of the market.
154. Give your opinion on the concept of diminishing marginal productivity, which has been proven in practice, although theoretically it has not been investigated
155. Draw conclusions about the relevance of determining the volume of production of average and marginal costs. Develop possible ways to reduce production costs
156. Please provide your opinion on the development of competition and, in particular, on the mechanisms for supporting and developing competition in Kazakhstan
157. Express your opinion regarding the contribution of scientific and technological progress to economic growth
158. Consider the conclusions made on the degree of market power of the firm based on the Lerner index.
159. Determine the methodology for calculating the Hirschmann-Herfindal index and explain the meaning
160. Comment on the basic idea of D. Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage and A. Smith’s theory of absolute advantages.
161. Present your critical point of view regarding the problems in measuring GDP and the accuracy of its estimates.
162. Formulate possible options for conclusions about inflation based on the GDP deflator
163. Assess the role of individual consumer spending and investment in increasing gross domestic product
164. From the point of view of «displacement problems» take a critical view of the negative consequences of the state’s fiscal policy.
165. In the event of a total supply shock, the State will adopt a stabilization policy. Explain the significance of this policy. Make a timetable. Generalize the effects of the stabilization policy of the State
166. Calculate the loss of Gross Domestic Product in Kazakhstan (underproduction) according to Okun’s law
167. Justify the features of the state’s fiscal policy and express your opinion on its effectiveness
168. Do you agree with J. M. Keynes’s “fundamental psychological law”? Give reasons for your answer
169. Justify the formation of the required reserves of the National Bank and their impact on the money supply by changing the required reserve ratio.
170. Draw up a conclusion about the National bank’s measure to change the rate that affects the money supply
171. Please provide your comments on the National Bank’s open market operations and their impact on the money market
172. State your opinions on the foreign trade policy of the state and critically evaluate its effectiveness
173. State your opinions about the features of the development of free trade and express your critical view of its shortcomings.
174. Justify the goals of the devaluation of the national currency and state your judgments about the positive and negative sides.
175. Describe the contribution of the state to the formation of the country’s total income.
176. Present your judgments about the main features of scientific research. Answer with examples
177. Formulate specific requirements for science as a knowledge system
178. Formulate options for obtaining new scientific results
179. State your opinion on the role and forms of human logical reasoning in scientific economic research.
180. Design a modern science policy
181. Present your judgments about the external foundations of the theory. Answer with examples
182. Draw conclusions on the advantages of the methodology of science
183. Justify the role of science in modern education
184. Rank the main methodological principles of scientific research in terms of their importance. Accompany your answer with examples.
185. Formulate the principles for selecting and evaluating factual material
186. Present your opinions on research approaches in economics. Answer with examples
187. Draw conclusions on general scientific methods of scientific research
188. Design an economic application of comparative analysis
189. Present your judgments regarding the application of social methods in statistical research
190. Present the main stages of planning a research project
191. Develop stages of economic event modelling
192. Present your judgments about the main types of models in the economy. Answer with examples
193. Formulate economic and mathematical research methods
194. State the difference between empirical and theoretical knowledge
195. Draw conclusions on the summary and grouping of data
196. Draw conclusions on research approaches
197. Draw conclusions on the application of comparative analysis in the economy
198. Structure and identify the relationship between key indicators in financial analysis models
199. Justify correlations in social production and their role in studying the relationship between economic phenomena and processes
200. Develop a framework for economic analysis
201. Draw conclusions on the main tasks of statistics at the present stage
202. Give examples of mean and relative values.
203. Develop the stages of statistical research
204. Present your judgments regarding the application of factor analysis in scientific research. Answer with examples
205. Present your judgments about the appropriateness of statistics as a means of obtaining information in the course of economic research. Answer with examples
206. Formulate the structural components of the theory of knowledge
207. Develop stages of forecasting scientific research using the “goal tree” method
208. Formulate a logical and methodological scheme as the main value of system analysis
209. Develop the stages of the systemic analysis process in the economy on the problem, define the principles of the systemic approach
210. Articulate the need for a science-based information base for economic research

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